Asynchronous c#-js data binding bridge

ABSTRACT

A method and system provides for asynchronous two-way binding between a user interface and a data model which are implemented on different frameworks. The system includes data, data model, and bridge controllers. The data controller provides a front-end binding framework that interacts with a user interface of a user device to manage a bindable property or method for a view on the user device. The data model controller provides a back-end binding framework that manages a data model, the front-end binding framework and the back-end binding framework being different types of frameworks. The bridge controller implements asynchronous two-way binding for the bindable property or method between the front-end binding framework and the back-end binding framework to update the bindable property or method in the data model when data changes at the user interface and to update the view on the user device when data changes at the data model.

PRIORITY

The present U.S. patent application is a continuation of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 15/857,026, filed Dec. 28, 2017, and claimspriority under 35 U.S.C. § 120. The disclosure of the above priorityapplication is incorporated herein, in its entirety, by reference.

FIELD

The present disclosure is related to a multi-platform bridging methodand system for data and method binding across a front end and a backendimplemented on different platforms, such as a Java Script framework anda C-sharp (C#) framework.

BACKGROUND

Data binding in applications (also referred to as “apps”) involveautomatic synchronization of data between model and view components.When data in the model changes, the view reflects the change; and whendata in the view changes, the model is updated as well in anasynchronous fashion. This process occurs immediately and automatically,which ensures that the model and the view are updated at all times.

SUMMARY

There is presently no mechanism to support two-way binding in amulti-platform environment, such as with Xamarin-based hybridmulti-platform apps, in which the front-end and the back-end areimplemented on different frameworks. To address these and other issues,a hybrid multi-platform binding bridge is provided, which employs abridge controller to facilitate asynchronous two-way communicationsbetween a front-end binding framework which interacts with the userinterface (UI) of a user device and a back-end binding framework whichinteracts with a data model (e.g., View Model or Model). In this way,the bridge controller can pass along a binding request with request datafor a bindable property or/method from the UI via the front-end bindingframework to the back-end binding framework for implementation on thedata model, and can pass along a data response from the data model forthe bindable property or method from the back-end binding framework tothe front-end binding framework to update the view component and UI ofthe user device.

The binding bridge can help in the rapid development or design ofmulti-platform apps developed with Model-View-ViewModel (MVVM)architecture pattern between the HTML/JavaScript User Interface (UI) andthe C# ViewModel (e.g., with Xamarin C#, HTML, and JavaScript), and canleverage on the platform-specific infrastructure for fast code executionand improved data binding performance in standalone or offline apps.

In an example embodiment, a computer-implemented method and systeminvolves providing a front-end binding framework having a datacontroller that interacts with a user interface of a user device tomanage a bindable property or method for a view on the user device;providing a back-end binding framework with a data model controller thatmanages a data model, the front-end binding framework and the back-endbinding framework being different types of frameworks; and implementing,via a bridge controller, asynchronous two-way binding for the bindableproperty or method between the data controller of the front-end bindingframework and the back-end binding framework to update the bindableproperty or method in the data model when data changes at the userinterface and to update the view on the user device when data changes atthe data model. The front-end binding framework can be a Javascriptbinding framework, and the back-end binding framework can be a C#binding framework.

The computer-implemented method and system can further involve receivingat the front-end binding framework a binding request with request datafor the binding property or method from the user interface. Theimplementing operation can include obtaining asynchronously a postmessage corresponding to the binding request from the data controller.The post message can include at least a peer identifier, a binding typeand a verb associated with the binding request. The implementingoperation can further include parsing the post message; and dispatchinga bridge request (e.g., a request from the bridge controller) based onthe parsed post message to the data model controller to perform animplementation on the data model according to at least the binding typeand the verb.

The computer-implemented method and system can further involvegenerating a request object for the binding request in the front-endbinding framework; placing the request object onto a callback queue inthe front-end binding framework; and generating the post message for therequest object in the front-end binding framework. The request objectcan include at least a peer identifier, a binding type and a verbassociated with the binding request;

In a further example, the implementing operation can further involvereceiving a data model response (e.g., a response from the data model)in reply to the bridge request; parsing the data model response at thebridge controller; and sending a bridge response with data from the datamodel based on the parsed data model response to the front-end bindingframework. The data model response can include a peer identifier and avalue associated with a binding property or method from the data model.

Furthermore, the computer-implemented method and system can also involveaccessing the callback queue to identify the request objectcorresponding to the data model response according to the peeridentifier; and invoking a callback function for the request object toupdate the view of the user interface via the bridge response with thedata from the data model in response to the binding request.

DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

The description of the various example embodiments is explained inconjunction with the appended drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of an example computing environmentimplementing a binding bridge through a bridge controller to facilitatedata binding across a multi-platform environment, in accordance with anexample embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 2 illustrates a functional block diagram of an example bridgecontroller to facilitate data binding across a multi-platformenvironment, in accordance with an example embodiment of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 3 illustrates a more detailed functional block diagram of anexample bridge controller to facilitate data binding across amulti-platform environment, in accordance with an example embodiment ofthe present disclosure.

FIG. 4 illustrates a flow diagram of an example data binding processimplemented across a multi-platform environment, in accordance with anexample embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 5 illustrates an example Request Protocol Definition, in accordancewith an example embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 6 illustrates an example Response Protocol Definition, inaccordance with an example embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 7 illustrates an example Request Format, in accordance with anexample embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 8 illustrates an example Response Format, in accordance with anexample embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 9 illustrates an example Supported Bindable Data Types, inaccordance with an example embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIGS. 10 through 12 illustrate example pages or screens of a userinterface, which allows a user to set up or configure an app for two-waybinding on a computer device.

DISCUSSION OF EXAMPLE EMBODIMENTS

A system and method are provided to facilitate binding, such as dataand/or method binding, using a binding bridge in a multi-platformenvironment, which employs a different framework for a front-end and aback-end. In an example, the front-end framework can be implementedusing Javascript (JS), and the back-end framework can be implementedusing C# (also referred to as C-sharp), or vice-a-versa. The front-endframework includes a front-end data binding framework with a datacontroller, which interacts with a user interface (UI) of a user device,e.g., via HTML, through a front-end application to provide view(s) andupdates thereof on the UI. The back-end framework includes a back-enddata binding framework with a data model controller to manage and updatea data model (e.g., a View Model or Model). A binding bridge,implemented via a bridge controller, provides two-way communications andbinding, such as data and/or method binding, in an asynchronous fashionbetween the front end (e.g., JS/HTML front-end) and the back-end (e.g.,C# back-end).

The bridge controller is in communication with the front-end bindingframework and the back-end binding framework. In this way, the bindingbridge can provide an asynchronous communication layer, for example,between two different binding frameworks, such as C# and JS, and tocreate a portable binding layer, for example, between an HTML/JSfront-end and a C# back-end. Thus, the bridge controller allows directcommunication between the HTML/JS front-end and the C# back-end toachieve asynchronous two-way data binding. The binding bridge can, forexample, be configured to inject multiple data types (e.g., JS(Java.lang) object) across C#-JS layers and queue messages in Android;to trap messages from JS in IWKScriptMessage handler for iOS; and toperform WinRT component queuing in Windows 10. An example of the bindingbridge and its general operations will be described below in greaterdetail with reference to the figures.

The binding bridge can assist in the rapid development or design ofmulti-platform apps developed with Model-View-ViewModel (MVVM)architecture pattern or other View-Model architecture patterns betweenthe HTML/JavaScript (UI) user interface and the C# ViewModel (e.g., withXamarin C#, HTML, and JavaScript), and can leverage on theplatform-specific infrastructure for fast code execution and improveddata binding performance in standalone or offline apps. Furthermore, theasynchronous nature of the two-way binding infrastructure frees the UIto perform other tasks while the binding request is pending.

I. Architecture

FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of an example computing environment100 implementing a binding bridge through a bridge controller tofacilitate communication and data binding across a multi-platformenvironment, in accordance with an example embodiment of the presentdisclosure. As shown in FIG. 1, the computing environment 100 includes auser interface (UI) 110 (e.g., user interface or web view), a datacontroller 120 of a front-end binding framework of a front-endframework, a bridge controller 130, and a data model controller 140 of aback-end binding framework of a back-end framework. As previouslydiscussed, the front-end framework can be a JS framework, and theback-end framework can be a C# framework. In this environment, front-endand back-end applications (or apps) can be developed and implemented ondifferent frameworks, such as for architecture patterns where the viewon an UI and the data model (which manages the data, rules and logic ofan application) are managed on different platforms. One such pattern isMVVM, which further separates the data model into a view model (e.g.,the logic and rules for a view) and a model which contains data for theapplication. The view model is an intermediary between the view and themodel.

The data controller 120 interacts with the UI 110 to manage and updateviews on the UI 110, to receive updates when data in a view on the UI110 has changed and to facilitate update of a data model (e.g., viewmodel and model depending on the architectural pattern). In thisexample, the data controller 120 is a JS controller of a JS front-endframework, and manages JS data component for applications including afront-end app.

The data model controller 140 manages and updates data in the datamodel. For example, the data model controller 140 is configured toupdate the data in the data model, when data at the UI 110, which isassociated with one or more bindable properties and/or methods, haschanged. The data model controller 140 is also configured to facilitateupdate of a view in reply to a request (e.g., a request for a GETaction) or when data associated with a bindable property or methodchanges in the data model. In this example, the data model controller isa C# controller of a C# back-end framework.

The bridge controller 130 is part of the binding bridge between thefront-end framework and the back-end framework, and is configured toprovide for two-way asynchronous communication between components of thefront-end framework and the back-end framework, such as the datacontroller 120 and the data model controller 140. As will be describedin greater detail below, the bridge controller 130 obtains post messagesassociated with each binding request from the front-end bindingframework via an asynchronous call, parses the post message andcommunicates with the data model controller 140 to implement an action(e.g., GET or PUT) for the property and/or method binding of the bindingrequest at the target object, e.g., the data model. After the action istaken at data model, the data model controller 140 sends a data modelresponse with the relevant data to the bridge controller 130. The bridgecontroller 130 parses the response, and implements a callback for thecorresponding request in the callback queue through the front-endbinding framework. The call back invokes a callback function to send theresponse data (e.g., data from the data model for the bindable propertyor method) to the data controller 120 in reply the request. The datacontroller 120 then updates the view on the UI accordingly.

In this example, the computer environment can be a user device, such asa mobile device. The front-end binding framework with the datacontroller 120, the bridge controller 130, and the back-end bindingframework with the data model controller 140 can be implemented on theuser device. The user device can include at least a processor(s) (e.g.,CPUs), memory and network interface device(s) or NIDs to interact withother computers via one or more networks, input devices (e.g., touchscreen/display, keyboard, buttons, audio input device, and/or otherinput devices), and output devices (e.g., display, audio output deviceand/or other output devices). The memory can store data and computerexecutable applications including an operating system, the two-waybinding bridge and other applications or programs. The user device canbe a mobile device (e.g., Android or iOS smartphone, tablet or device,laptop, etc.), a desktop computer, or other computer-implemented system.

When the user device executes, via its processor(s), applications storedin the memory, the processor and memory of the computer(s) provides forthe frameworks, the binding and communication bridge, and the functionsand features described herein, including asynchronous two-waycommunication between different frameworks (e.g., a communication layerfor implementing asynchronous communication between differentframeworks), and asynchronous two-way binding (e.g., data and/or methodbinding) for multi-platform applications which are implemented acrossdifferent frameworks, e.g., a different front-end and back-endframework.

The above describes an example of the computer environment 100. The userdevice can interact with other computers (e.g., server(s) or the like)via a network(s) to implement applications and to update data maintainedat a remote location including data in the data model, and so forth. Thetwo-way binding processes and functions, including the variouscontroller operations, may also be implemented across differentcomputers, e.g., the user device may interact with other computer(s).The other computers may be connected across a network(s), and include atleast a processor(s) (e.g., CPUs), memory, and NIDs to facilitatenetwork communication across wire-line network, wireless network,Internet or a combination thereof. The memory may store data andcomputer executable applications including an operating system.

FIG. 2 illustrates a high-level functional block diagram of an examplebridge controller and its functional components to facilitate databinding across a multi-platform environment. As shown in FIG. 2, themulti-platform environment includes a front-end framework 200 and aback-end framework 250. In this example, the front-end framework 200includes a JS binding framework with a JS data controller or the like,and the back-end framework 250 includes a C# binding framework with adata model controller. The bridge controller 130 provides for a two-waycommunication layer between the front-end binding framework and theback-end binding framework to enable asynchronous two-way communicationand binding therebetween.

In the front-end binding framework of the front-end framework 200, JSdata binding 210 can get all bindable properties and/or methods from aJS custom event. The process may start, for example, when a bindingrequest is initiated by the UI, such as when data in a view at the UI ischanged or data for a view is requested. A post message 200 iseventually generated for the bindable properties and/or methods of therequest, and can include parameters such as Peer ID, Property Name,Value, GET and PUT, Member Name and Binding Type. The post message 200is then sent asynchronously as a post asynchronous call to the datamodel, in this case View Model 270 of the back-end framework 250 via thebridge controller 260 to update and/or request data from the data model.

Specifically, the bridge controller 130 implements an asynchronous calltrap 260 to obtain the post message 220, and implements an asynchronousbinding to source by initiating a Request Parser 262 to parse the postmessage. The bridge controller 130 then sends a request (also referredto as “a bridge request”) based on the request data in the parsed postmessage to the data model controller of the back-end binding frameworkof the back-end framework 250. The data model controller can then takeaction accordingly to implement the requested actions for the bindableproperty and/or method on the data model, e.g., View Model 270. Theseactions can include updating and/or obtaining data from the View Model270 for the bindable property or method. Once the data associated withthe properties and/or methods are updated, accessed and/or retrieved onthe View Model 270, call back processing is implemented in which aresponse (also referred to as “data model response”) with the data orupdated data from the View Model 270 sent to bridge controller 130. Thebridge controller 130 obtains and parses the response data from the datamodel response with a Response Parser 264. A call back processor 266then gets a callback when the response is returned for the request(e.g., the request with the same Peer ID), and automatically sendsrelevant response data from the view model 270 to the data controllerusing, for example, a JS custom event. The JS data binding 210 gets theJS custom event, and can then update the view at the UI in light of anychanges at the data model (e.g., view model or model). Thus, two-wayasynchronous binding of bindable properties and/or methods is providedbetween the UI and the data model (e.g., View Model 270) through thebinding bridge implemented using the bridge controller 130 and itscomponents. Accordingly, as changes take place to data in the view atthe UI, the data model can be updated; as changes take place to data inthe data model, the view can be updated at the UI.

FIG. 3 illustrates a more detailed functional block diagram of anexample binding bridge with the bridge controller 130 and its functionalcomponents to facilitate two-way asynchronous data binding across amulti-platform environment, such as a front-end framework and a back-endframework which are different. In this example, a front-end bindingframework for the front-end framework includes a data component, such asJS Component 310, which is managed by a data controller to get andmanage all bindable properties and methods on the front-end whichinteracts with the UI of a user device. A back-end binding framework ofthe back-end framework also includes components, which are managed by adata model controller. The components of the back-end framework includeData Mapping and Execution 360 and a data model such as a View Model 380with View Model implementation 382. The bridge controller 130facilitates asynchronous two-way communication, and thus binding,between the JS component 310 of the front-end binding framework and theData Mapping and Execution 360 of the back-end binding framework.

The JS component 310, which is the data component of the JS bindingframework, includes all of the bindable properties and methods, such asproperty binding 312 and method binding 314. The JS component 310fetches properties and methods through the bridge controller 130 fromthe data model, e.g., View Model 380 (e.g., C# view model), and createsa binding with the view. The JS component 310 can include two parts:Property Binding and Method Binding. The Property Binding binds a valueto a property of an element to modify its appearance or behavior;creates two-way data binding with view and model; includes propertiessuch as Nullable, Bool, Number, String, String Array, Complex Type asJSON (JavaScript Object Notation) String, Item List Array, and Item ListArray; binds property value with JS expression as well as inputelement/attribute; and supports asynchronous pattern of data binding.The Method Binding binds a method to a view model method; calls a methodwith or without parameters; and returns a value from the method; andsupports asynchronous pattern of method binding.

The bridge controller 130 gets all bindable properties and methods fromthe data model, e.g., the C# view model, using callback events, andpasses binding properties and methods to the data controller. The bridgecontroller 130 includes Request Creator 320 to create an object for arequest, such as a binding request, received from the UI; Callback Queue322 to hold request data; Response Parser 264 to parse a data modelresponse from the View Model 380; and Get callback 324 to get a callbackassociated with the request data in the Callback Queue 322 in order toinvoke a callback function.

The Request Creator 320 generates the JavaScript object which holds theprotocol definition, such as for example:

// bindingtype: Common Method, View Model's Method, and View Model'sProperty // verb: GET and PUT // membername: Method Name // value:Method Parameter or Function Name for View Model's Property //memberparameter: Method Parameter's Value for Setter // peerid: PeerObject Identifier

The Callback Queue 322 holds all request data, which will send a postmessage asynchronously to the data model controller (e.g., C#controller) along with a call back function value. The Get callback 324gets the callback when response data is received from the View Model 380from a peer C# object.

The bridge controller 130 also includes Property Setter and Getter 330,Property Info Binding 332, Method Info Binding 334, Data Type Conversion336, View Model State 338, Property Change Evener 340, and DispatchingCustom Event 344. The bridge controller 130 can implement thesefunctions in response to a request, such as a binding request or otherrequest relating to the data model.

The Data Mapping and Execution 360 holds all script message instances,which is used to generate property and method bindings through C#reflection. The Data Mapping and Execution 360 will contain same sets ofproperty and method binding instance. The Data Mapping and Execution 360includes: Binding Type 362, Method Identifier 364, Parameter Value 366,Peer Identifier 368, Property Callback 370, Method Callback 374, andRaise Property Change Event 374.

The View Model 380 holds all C# properties and methods implementation,which is hooked by directly from view.

Other descriptions of objects and object parameter are described belowfor a JS binding framework, and can be used to facilitate implementationof the binding bridge system and method described herein. In addition tothe functions described above, the binding framework can also implementother functions: Subscribe To Property Changed, Unsubscribe To PropertyChanged, State Manager, Current View Model, State Changed, On PropertyChange, Create Binding Object, Data Type Conversion, and so forth. Adescription of these functional objects and some parameters aredescribed below.

Peer Object Identifier - Holds the unique identifier of any C# objectpeer DataTypes - Holds the supported data types in property bindingdataTypes: { nullable: 0, bool: 1, string: 3, stringArray: 4,complexType: 5, complexTypeAsString: 6, complexTypeObjectArray: 7,itemListArray: 8 }

-   -   Binding Types—Supports both property and method binding types    -   Subscribe To Property Changed—Sets the JavaScript object as a        subscriber for property change events    -   Unsubscribe To Property Changed—Removes the JavaScript object        from property change subscription list    -   State Manager—Holds the view model state object    -   Current View Model—Gets the current view model identifier from        the C# model    -   State Changed—Calls to view router to go to different state    -   On Property Change—Fires when property changes in the C# view        model, and calls the property change callback on the JavaScript        VM    -   Create Binding Object—Generates all binding properties and        methods, holds the property and method information, gets and        sets property values from the C# view model using the getter and        setter functions, and bind the method information to C# method        binding    -   Data Type Conversion—Converts basic data types of C# to        JavaScript data types such as String, Number, and Boolean

These functions and parameters for a JS front-end framework and C#back-end framework are provided as examples. The bridge binding systemand method can be implemented using other identifiers, data types,binding types and object functions, and other naming conventionsdepending on the type of frameworks employed to implement multiplatformapplications.

II. Example Processes

FIG. 4 illustrates a flow diagram of an example data binding process 400implemented across a multi-platform environment, in accordance with anexample embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 4, atstep 402, a property and/or method binding request (e.g.,PropertyAndMethodBindingRequest) is initiated by the user interface (UI)of a user device. In this example, the request is an HTML requestimplemented through an HTML component of the UI in a front-end HTML/JSframework. The request may be initiated, for example, based on changes,selections or operations made through the UI by a user. The bindingrequest can include an identifier of a source of the request (e.g.,source object), the type of binding(s), its name and value(s) associatedtherewith, and any actions to be taken including updating data at orgetting data from the target of the request (e.g., target object such asthe data model). An example of protocol definitions and a format for aninstance of a request is shown in FIGS. 5 and 7, which are describedfurther below.

At reference 404, a data controller (e.g., JS controller) receives thebinding request from the UI, and in response, generates a post message(e.g., GeneratePostMessage) in an asynchronous manner. For example, thedata controller can create an object, e.g., JS request object, for therequest data in the binding request, place the object in a queue such asa callback queue to maintain the request data, and subsequently generatea post message asynchronously for the request data in the queue. Thebridge controller of the binding bridge traps the post message using,for example, a call trap, and parses the request data in the postmessage for communication to the data model controller (e.g., WebViewController) via a bridge request at reference 406. At reference 408, thedata model controller sends a RequestDispatch to the data model (e.g.,ViewModel) to implement the requested action (e.g., GET or PUT, etc.)for a bindable property and/or method with respect to the data model. Atreference 410, the data model sends response data (e.g., ResponseData)back to the data model controller, which in turn raises a callback eventat the bridge controller at reference 412 and returns a data modelresponse with the response data from the data model. At reference 414,the bridge controller implements a ResponseParser operation, whichparses the data model response and gets the response data, and gets thecallback from queue for the corresponding request (e.g., the peerrequest object in the queue). The callback automatically invokes areturn operation by sending the response data to the data component(e.g., view component) of the data controller using, for example, aJavaScript custom event. At reference 416, the data controller updatesthe managed data component, e.g., the property and method bindings, andthe view at the UI with the response data from the data model.

Although the example binding bridge process is described with JS-C#frameworks, it should be understood that the binding bridge can be userwith other types of front-end and back-end frameworks and multi-platformapps.

III. Example Protocols and Formats

Examples of the parameters and format for a Request and Responseprotocols, which can be used in the computing environment of FIGS. 1-4with the two-way binding bridge, are shown and described with referenceto FIGS. 5 through 9.

FIG. 5 illustrates an example of Request Protocol 500 parameters andtheir definitions. In this example, the parameters can include abindingType, verb, Member Name, value, memberparameter, and peerid. ThebindingType defines the nature of the binding, such as a propertybinding and/or a method binding. The verb defines the actions to betaken, such as GET and PUT. The membername is the Method Name. The valueis the Member Value. The memberparameter is the Method Parameter's Valuefor Setter. The peerid is Peer Object Identifier.

FIG. 6 illustrates an example of Response Protocol 600 parameters. Inthis example, the parameters can include id, membername, and value. Theid is the Peer Object Identifier, and allows a response to be associatedwith a request (e.g., peer objects). The membername is Method Name. Thevalue is the Member value.

FIG. 7 illustrates an example Request Format. As shown in FIG. 7, anexample format 700 for a Request can include:

{ “bindingType”: bindingType, “verb”: verb, “membername” : membername,“value”: value, “memberparameter”: “memberparameter”, “peerid”: peerid }

FIG. 8 illustrates an example Response Format. As shown in FIG. 8, anexample format 800 of a Response can include:

{ “id”: id, “membername”: membername, “value”: value }

FIG. 9 illustrates an example Supported Bindable Data Types. As shown inFIG. 9, the bindable data types 900 can include, for example, Nullable,Bool, Number, String, String Array, Complex Type as JSON String, andItem List Array.

The binding bridge, as described herein, can be configured for use withapplications, such as mobile apps or other apps, on a user device. Inthis example, the binding bridge can provide for two-way data bindingand On Property Changed Notification. Through the binding bridge, in amulti-platform app, any data related changes affecting the model can beimmediately propagated to the matching view(s), and any changes made inthe view(s), such as for example by the user, can be immediatelyreflected in the underlying model. When app data changes, the UI changesaccordingly, and vice-a-versa. An example of a user interface, whichprovides pages (or screens), to allow a user to set up or configure anapp for two-way binding on a computer device is shown with reference toFIGS. 10-12.

As shown in FIG. 10, an example page 1000, called Device, is providedwith inputs, e.g., a text box and button controls, to set up propertyand method bindings on a device. By default, the Device Name can be setfrom the data model, and is reflected in the text box. Similarly, if thedata is changed in the text box, it will be immediately reflected in thedata model.

In this example, texts can be bound with controls using propertybindings with different data types. An example for two-way binding isdescribed below using AngularJS framework:

<div ng-app=“app” ng-controller=“MainCtrl”>

-   -   <input ng-model=“mymodel.data”>

</div>

Although the example uses Angular JS framework, the data binding bridgeis compatible with any JavaScript framework.

Method binding can subscribe with HTML button control, which can sensethe event and propagate the action fired to the model. An example isprovided below:

<div ng-app=“app” ng-controller=“MainCtrl”> <buttonng-click=“mymodel.Continue( )”> <h2 ng-bind =“mymodel.data”></h2>button> </div>

In this example, ng-app, ng-controller, and ng-bind are angulardirectives; mymodel.data is the two-way binding data which issynchronized with the data binding bridge and the C# model; andmymodel.Continue( ) is the event binding, which is directly subscribedwith the C# method binding.

FIG. 11 illustrates an example page 1100 called Sync Server can beprovided to configure binding with one control, which also reflects inother control. The page 1100 can have a text box or other graphicalinput, and a Continue button or the like. Initially, the text box mayhave no data, and the Continue button is disabled. However, once data isentered in the text box, the Continue button can be enabled, and thedata model can also be updated in the backend. In this example, thebinding can work with multiple controls based on the set conditions.

FIG. 12 illustrates an example page 1200 showcasing multiple listcontrols which can also be provided. The data listed may be based on adependent selected data and property changed events. The multiple listpage 1200 can include graphical pull-down boxes or other input to enter(e.g., select choices, input text, etc.) relevant information, such asfor example Base, User, Role and Password. When any data is selected,the other controls are enabled based on the selected data.

In this example, the mobile app can be used to enable workflow, datacollection and general task management for plant operations, maintenancemanagement, production tracking and compliance applications.

The above are provided simply as example protocols and formats. TheResponse and Request protocol and formats may include other parametersor use other naming conventions or syntax depending on themulti-platform environment including the type of framework(s).

It should be understood that devices, systems and methods describedherein are provided as examples. The various devices, controllers, orsystems, such as in the figures, can be implemented on one or morecomputer systems which include processor(s), memory, communicationdevices including network interface devices (NIDs) and other componentsto provide or control services and operations, including two-waycommunication and binding between different frameworks.

It should also be understood that the example embodiments disclosed andtaught herein are susceptible to numerous and various modifications andalternative forms. Thus, the use of a singular term, such as, but notlimited to, “a” and the like, is not intended as limiting of the numberof items. Furthermore, the naming conventions of the script syntax forthe various sections of a script file or script for a test scenario,directives, command-line switches, expressions, objects, attributes,thread names, file names, directory names and other naming conventionsused herein are provided as examples, and can be given a different nameor label.

It will be appreciated that the development of an actual, realcommercial application incorporating aspects of the disclosedembodiments will require many implementation specific decisions toachieve the developer's ultimate goal for the commercial embodiment.Such implementation specific decisions may include, and likely are notlimited to, compliance with system related, business related, governmentrelated and other constraints, which may vary by specificimplementation, location and from time to time. While a developer'sefforts might be complex and time consuming in an absolute sense, suchefforts would nevertheless be a routine undertaking for those of skillin this art having the benefit of this disclosure.

Using the description provided herein, the example embodiments may beimplemented as a machine, process, or article of manufacture by usingstandard programming and/or engineering techniques to produceprogramming software, firmware, hardware or any combination thereof.

Any resulting program(s), having computer-readable program code, may beembodied on one or more computer-usable media such as resident memorydevices, smart cards or other removable memory devices, or transmittingdevices, thereby making a computer program product or article ofmanufacture according to the embodiments. As such, the terms “article ofmanufacture” and “computer program product” as used herein are intendedto encompass a computer program that exists permanently or temporarilyon any computer-usable medium or in any transmitting medium whichtransmits such a program.

As indicated above, memory/storage devices can include, but are notlimited to, disks, solid state drives, optical disks, removable memorydevices such as smart cards, SIMs, WIMs, semiconductor memories such asRAM, ROM, PROMS, etc. Transmitting mediums include, but are not limitedto, transmissions via wireless communication networks (e.g., RadioFrequency (RF) communication, the Internet, intranets,telephone/modem-based network communication, hard-wired/cabledcommunication network, satellite communication, and other stationary ormobile network systems/communication links.

While particular embodiments and applications of the present disclosurehave been illustrated and described, it is to be understood that thepresent disclosure is not limited to the precise construction andcompositions disclosed herein and that various modifications, changes,and variations can be apparent from the foregoing descriptions withoutdeparting from the invention as defined in the appended claims.

1-20. (canceled)
 21. A computer-implemented method comprising: providinga front-end binding framework having a data controller that interactswith a user interface of a user device to manage a bindable property ormethod for a view on the user device; providing a back-end bindingframework with a data model controller that manages a data model, thefront-end binding framework and the back-end binding framework beingdifferent types of frameworks; and implementing, via a bridgecontroller, asynchronous two-way binding for the bindable property ormethod between the data controller of the front-end binding frameworkand the back-end binding framework to update the bindable property ormethod in the data model when data changes at the user interface and toupdate the view on the user device after data changes at the data model,wherein the providing a front-end binding framework operation, theproviding a back-end framework operation and the implementing operationare initiated by or performed on a user device; generating a requestobject corresponding to the data model for a binding request in thefront-end binding framework; invoking a callback associated with therequest object to update the view of the user interface with data fromthe corresponding model via a bridge response in response to the bindingrequest.
 22. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, wherein thefront-end binding framework is a Javascript binding framework and theback-end binding framework is a C# binding framework.
 23. Thecomputer-implemented method of claim 21, further comprising: receivingat the front-end binding framework a binding request with request datafor the binding property or method from the user interface, wherein theimplementing comprises: obtaining asynchronously a post messagecorresponding to the binding request from the data controller, the postmessage including at least a peer identifier, a binding type and a verbassociated with the binding request; parsing the post message; anddispatching a bridge request based on the parsed post message to thedata model controller to perform an implementation on the data modelaccording to at least the binding type and the verb.
 24. Thecomputer-implemented method of claim 23, further comprising: generatinga request object for the binding request in the front-end bindingframework, the request object including at least a peer identifier, abinding type and a verb associated with the binding request; placing therequest object onto a callback queue in the front-end binding framework;and generating the post message for the request object in the front-endbinding framework.
 25. The computer-implemented method of claim 23,wherein the implementing further comprises: receiving a data modelresponse from the data model in reply to the bridge request, the datamodel response including a peer identifier and a value associated with abinding property or method from the data model; parsing the data modelresponse at the bridge controller; and sending a bridge response withdata from the data model based on the parsed data model response to thefront-end binding framework.
 26. The computer-implemented method ofclaim 21, wherein the user device comprises a mobile device.
 27. Acomputer-implemented method comprising: providing a front-end bindingframework having a data controller that interacts with a user interfaceof a user device to manage a bindable property or method for a view onthe user device; providing a back-end binding framework with a datamodel controller that manages a data model, the front-end bindingframework and the back-end binding framework being different types offrameworks; receiving at the front-end binding framework a bindingrequest with request data for the binding property or method from theuser interface; generating a request object for the binding request inthe front-end binding framework, the request object including at least apeer identifier, a binding type and a verb associated with the bindingrequest; placing the request object onto a callback queue in thefront-end binding framework; generating a post message for the requestobject in the front-end binding framework; implementing, via a bridgecontroller, asynchronous two-way binding for the bindable property ormethod between the data controller of the front-end binding frameworkand the back-end binding framework to update the bindable property ormethod in the data model when data changes at the user interface and toupdate the view on the user device after data changes at the data model,wherein the implementing comprises: obtaining asynchronously the postmessage corresponding to the binding request from the data controller,the post message including at least a peer identifier, a binding typeand a verb associated with the binding request, parsing the postmessage, dispatching a bridge request based on the parsed post messageto the data model controller to perform an implementation on the datamodel according to at least the binding type and the verb, receiving adata model response from the data model in reply to the bridge request,the data model response including a peer identifier and a valueassociated with a binding property or method from the data model, andparsing the data model response at the bridge controller; accessing thecallback queue to identify the request object corresponding to the datamodel response according to the peer identifier; and invoking a callbackfunction for the request object to update the view of the user interfacevia a bridge response with the data from the data model which is sentfrom the bridge controller to the front-end binding framework inresponse to the binding request.
 28. A computer system for providingasynchronous two-way binding between a user interface of a user deviceand a data model which are implemented on different frameworks, thecomputer system comprising: a memory; and one or processors whichimplement: a data controller to provide a front-end binding frameworkthat interacts with a user interface of a user device to manage abindable property or method for a view on the user device; a data modelcontroller to provide a back-end binding framework that manages a datamodel, the front-end binding framework and the back-end bindingframework being different types of frameworks; and a bridge controllerto implement asynchronous two-way binding for the bindable property ormethod between the data controller of the front-end binding frameworkand the back-end binding framework to update the bindable property ormethod in the data model after data changes at the user interface and toupdate the view on the user device after data changes at the data model,wherein the data controller, the data model controller and the bridgecontroller are implemented on or initiated by a user device thatincludes the memory and the processor; the data controller configured togenerate a request object corresponding to the data model for a bindingrequest in the front-end binding framework; the bridge controllerconfigured to invoke a callback associated with the request object toupdate the view of the user interface with data from the correspondingmodel via a bridge response in response to the binding request.
 29. Thecomputer system of claim 28, wherein the front-end binding framework isa Javascript binding framework and the back-end binding framework is aC# binding framework.
 30. The computer system of claim 28, wherein thedata controller is configured to receive at the front-end bindingframework a binding request with request data for the binding propertyor method from the user interface, and wherein the bridge controller isfurther configured: to obtain asynchronously a post messagecorresponding to the binding request from the data controller, the postmessage including at least a peer identifier, a binding type and a verbassociated with the binding request; and to parse the post message; andto dispatch a bridge request based on the parsed post message to thedata model controller to perform an implementation on the data modelaccording to at least the binding type and the verb.
 31. The computersystem of claim 30, wherein the data controller is further configured:to generate a request object for the binding request in the front-endbinding framework, the request object including at least a peeridentifier, a binding type and a verb associated with the bindingrequest; to place the request object onto a callback queue in thefront-end binding framework; and to generate the post message for therequest object in the front-end binding framework.
 32. The computersystem of claim 30, wherein the bridge controller is further configured:to receive a data model response from the data model in reply to thebridge request, the data model response including a peer identifier anda value associated with a binding property or method from the datamodel; to parse the data model response at the bridge controller; and tosend a bridge response with data from the data model based on the parseddata model response to the front-end binding framework.
 33. The computersystem of claim 28, wherein the user device comprises a mobile device.34. A computer system for providing asynchronous two-way binding betweena user interface of a user device and a data model which are implementedon different frameworks, the computer system comprising: a memory; andone or processors which implement: a data controller to provide afront-end binding framework that interacts with a user interface of auser device to manage a bindable property or method for a view on theuser device, the data controller being further configured: to receive atthe front-end binding framework a binding request with request data forthe binding property or method from the user interface, to generate arequest object for the binding request in the front-end bindingframework, the request object including at least a peer identifier, abinding type and a verb associated with the binding request, to placethe request object onto a callback queue in the front-end bindingframework, and to generate a post message for the request object in thefront-end binding framework; a data model controller to provide aback-end binding framework that manages a data model, the front-endbinding framework and the back-end binding framework being differenttypes of frameworks; and a bridge controller to implement asynchronoustwo-way binding for the bindable property or method between the datacontroller of the front-end binding framework and the back-end bindingframework to update the bindable property or method in the data modelwhen data changes at the user interface and to update the view on theuser device after data changes at the data model, the bridge controllerbeing further configured: to obtain asynchronously the post messagecorresponding to the binding request from the data controller, the postmessage including at least a peer identifier, a binding type and a verbassociated with the binding request, to parse the post message, todispatch a bridge request based on the parsed post message to the datamodel controller to perform an implementation on the data modelaccording to at least the binding type and the verb, to receive a datamodel response from the data model in reply to the bridge request, thedata model response including a peer identifier and a value associatedwith a binding property or method from the data model, to parse the datamodel response, to access the callback queue to identify the requestobject corresponding to the data model response according to the peeridentifier, and to invoke a callback function for the request object toupdate the view of the user interface via a bridge response with thedata from the data model which is sent from the bridge controller to thefront-end binding framework in response to the binding request.
 35. Atangible memory medium storing executable code which, when executed byone or more processors, implements a method of providing asynchronoustwo-way binding between a user interface and a data model which areimplemented on different frameworks, the method comprising: providing afront-end binding framework having a data controller that interacts witha user interface of a user device to manage a bindable property ormethod for a view on the user device; providing a back-end bindingframework with a data model controller that manages a data model, thefront-end binding framework and the back-end binding framework beingdifferent types of frameworks; and implementing, via a bridgecontroller, asynchronous two-way binding for the bindable property ormethod between the data controller of the front-end binding frameworkand the back-end binding framework to update the bindable property ormethod in the data model when data changes at the user interface and toupdate the view on the user device after data changes at the data model,wherein the providing a front-end binding framework operation, theproviding a back-end framework operation and the implementing operationare initiated by or performed on a user device; generating, by the datacontroller, a request object corresponding to the data model for abinding request in the front-end binding framework; invoking, by thebridge controller, a callback associated with the request object toupdate the view of the user interface with data from the correspondingmodel via a bridge response in response to the binding request.
 36. Thetangible memory medium of claim 35, wherein the front-end bindingframework is a Javascript binding framework and the back-end bindingframework is a C# binding framework.
 37. The tangible memory medium ofclaim 35, wherein the method further comprises: receiving at thefront-end binding framework a binding request with request data for thebinding property or method from the user interface, wherein theimplementing comprises: obtaining asynchronously a post messagecorresponding to the binding request from the data controller, the postmessage including at least a peer identifier, a binding type and a verbassociated with the binding request; parsing the post message; anddispatching a bridge request based on the parsed post message to thedata model controller to perform an implementation on the data modelaccording to at least the binding type and the verb.
 38. The tangiblememory medium of claim 37, wherein the method further comprises:generating a request object for the binding request in the front-endbinding framework, the request object including at least a peeridentifier, a binding type and a verb associated with the bindingrequest; placing the request object onto a callback queue in thefront-end binding framework; and generating the post message for therequest object in the front-end binding framework.
 39. The tangiblememory medium of claim 37, wherein the implementing further comprises:receiving a data model response from the data model in reply to thebridge request, the data model response including a peer identifier anda value associated with a binding property or method from the datamodel; parsing the data model response at the bridge controller; andsending a bridge response with data from the data model based on theparsed data model response to the front-end binding framework.